视图和drf简单使用

article/admin.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 from django.contrib import admin
+from article.models import Article
 
-# Register your models here.
+admin.site.register(Article)

article/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Generated by Django 3.1.3 on 2022-09-22 10:24
+
+from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.utils.timezone
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    initial = True
+
+    dependencies = [
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='Article',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('title', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                ('body', models.TextField()),
+                ('created', models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now)),
+                ('updated', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ]

article/models.py

@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
 from django.db import models
+from django.utils import timezone
 
-# Create your models here.
+
+# 博客文章 model
+class Article(models.Model):
+    # 标题
+    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
+    # 正文
+    body = models.TextField()
+    # 创建时间
+    created = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
+    # 更新时间
+    updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.title

article/serializers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from rest_framework import serializers
+from article.models import Article
+
+# 返回文章列表或创建一篇文章
+class ArticleListSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    class Meta:
+        model = Article
+        fields = [
+            'id',
+            'title',
+            'created',
+            'body',
+        ]
+
+# 返回文章详情
+class ArticleDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
+    class Meta:
+        model = Article
+        fields = '__all__'

article/urls.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from django.urls import path
+from article import views
+
+app_name = 'article'
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path('', views.ArticleList.as_view(), name='list'),
+    path('<int:pk>/', views.ArticleDetail.as_view(), name='detail')
+]

article/views.py

@@ -1,3 +1,93 @@
-from django.shortcuts import render
+from article.models import Article
+from article.serializers import ArticleListSerializer, ArticleDetailSerializer
+from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
+from rest_framework.response import Response
+from rest_framework.views import APIView
+from django.http import Http404
+from rest_framework import mixins
+from rest_framework import generics
+from rest_framework import status
 
-# Create your views here.
+
+@api_view(['GET', 'POST'])
+def article_list(request):
+    # 获取所有文章列表
+    if request.method == 'GET':
+        articles = Article.objects.all()
+        serializer = ArticleListSerializer(articles, many=True)
+        return Response(serializer.data)
+    # 创建新的文章
+    elif request.method == 'POST':
+        serializer = ArticleListSerializer(data=request.data)
+        if serializer.is_valid():
+            serializer.save()
+            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
+        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
+
+
+# 和article_list()功能相同
+class ArticleList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
+    queryset = Article.objects.all()
+    serializer_class = ArticleListSerializer
+
+
+# 第一种版本
+
+# class ArticleDetail(APIView):
+#     """文章详情视图"""
+#     def get_object(self, pk):
+#         """获取单个文章对象"""
+#         try:
+#             # pk代表主键
+#             return Article.objects.get(pk=pk)
+#         except:
+#             raise Http404
+#
+#     def get(self, request, pk):
+#         article = self.get_object(pk)
+#         serializer = ArticleDetailSerializer(article)
+#         # 返回Json数据
+#         return Response(serializer.data)
+#
+#     def put(self, request, pk):
+#         article = self.get_object(pk)
+#         serializer = ArticleDetailSerializer(article, data=request.data)
+#         # 验证提交的数据是否合法
+#         # 不合法就返回400
+#         if serializer.is_valid():
+#             # 序列化器将持有的数据反序列化后
+#             # 保存到数据库
+#             serializer.save()
+#             return Response(serializer.data)
+#         return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
+#
+#     def delete(self, request, pk):
+#         article = self.get_object(pk=pk)
+#         article.delete()
+#         # 删除成功后返回204
+#         return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
+
+# 第二种版本
+
+# class ArticleDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
+#                     mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
+#                     mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
+#                     generics.GenericAPIView):
+#     """文章详情视图"""
+#     queryset = Article.objects.all()
+#     # 序列化类
+#     serializer_class = ArticleDetailSerializer
+#
+#     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+#         return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
+#
+#     def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+#         return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
+#
+#     def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+#         return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
+# ArticleDetail类还可以简化为下面的代码
+class ArticleDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
+    queryset = Article.objects.all()
+    serializer_class = ArticleDetailSerializer

drf_vue_blog/settings.py

@@ -1,15 +1,3 @@
-"""
-Django settings for drf_vue_blog project.
-
-Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.3.
-
-For more information on this file, see
-https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/
-
-For the full list of settings and their values, see
-https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
-"""
-
 from pathlib import Path
 
 # Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
@@ -37,6 +25,7 @@ INSTALLED_APPS = [
     'django.contrib.sessions',
     'django.contrib.messages',
     'django.contrib.staticfiles',
+    'rest_framework',
     'article',
 ]
 
@@ -107,13 +96,13 @@ AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
 
 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
 
-TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
+TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
 
 USE_I18N = True
 
 USE_L10N = True
 
-USE_TZ = True
+USE_TZ = False
 
 
 # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)

drf_vue_blog/urls.py

@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
-"""drf_vue_blog URL Configuration
-
-The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
-    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/http/urls/
-Examples:
-Function views
-    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
-    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
-Class-based views
-    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
-    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
-Including another URLconf
-    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
-    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
-"""
 from django.contrib import admin
-from django.urls import path
+from django.urls import path, include
 
 urlpatterns = [
     path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
+    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls')),
+    path('api/article/', include('article.urls', namespace='article')),
 ]